• Introduction

1–10       11–20       21–30       31–40       41–50       51–60       61–64

• James Legge

I Ching (Yi Jing, the Book of Changes) was translated by Dr. James Legge of Oxford University in 1882. The text is in the public domain, and can be used as a guide to living well.

Many thanks to James Lee for his help.

Introduction

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The Yi Jing (Book of Changes) consists of sixty-four ancient "six-liners" called hexagrams, and their interpretations.

A hexagram consists of six lines on top of each other (see figure). The lines are either broken or unbroken (whole). A broken line is termed "six" or a "yin line" below, and an unbroken (whole) line is called "nine" or yang line. The lines are numbered from the bottom and up. Thus, the first line of a hexagram is its bottom line, and so on upwards. To repeat:

• SIX: Broken lines, yin lines.
• NINE: Unbroken lines, yang lines.

There is much more to know about hexagrams, trigrams and the two sorts of line lines that go into them and build them up from the bottom. More: [Link]

You could use Legge's version as a supplement to the online I Ching Synthesis, which incorporates ideas of Hillary Barrett, James Legge, Christopher Markart, Richard Wilhelm and R. L. Wing. They have all published significant versions of the I Ching (references are at bottom).

Legge's text is brief and meagre and leaves out much of the traditional commentary material that Wilhelm includes, and is hardly as rewarding to read. Further, according to Yi Jing translator Richard Wilhelm,

James Legge stresses the opinion that a real understanding of the I Ching becomes possible only when the commentary material is separated from the text ... Accordingly he carefully separates the ancient commentaries from the text, and then supplies with it the commentaries of the Sung period [AD. 960-1279]. Legge does not say why he holds the Sung period to be more closely related to the original text than Confucius [551-479 B.C.]. What he does is to follow with meticulous literalness the edition called Chou I Chê Chung, belonging to the K'ang Hsi period [1662-1722], which I also have used. The rendering is very inferior to Legge's other translations. For example, he does not take the trouble to translate the names of the hexagrams — a task of course not easy but by so much the more necessary. In other respects also, definite misconceptions occur.

- Richard Wilhelm, (in the second footnote in Book II, The Material) in his own work.

Another I Ching

The I Ching Synthesis on another page contains translated hexagram names, hexagram drawings, and added comments from five select sources.

NOTE. In the following, first comes the explanation of the entire figure by King Wan [Wen]. Then, beneath a blank line, comes the explanation of the separate six lines by the duke of Kau. This pattern is followed through in the following.

Reminder: The lines are numbered from bottom and upwards.

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1. Khien, also: Chien

Chien

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Khien (represents) what is great and originating, penetrating, advantageous, correct and firm. [King Wen's utterances.]

1. In the first (or lowest) nine, undivided, (we see its subject as) the dragon lying hid (in the deep). It is not the time for active doing.

2. In the second nine, undivided, (we see its subject as) the dragon appearing in the field. It will be advantageous to meet with the great man.

3. In the third nine, undivided, (we see its subject as) the superior man active and vigilant all the day, and in the evening still careful and apprehensive. (The position is) dangerous, but there will be no mistake.

4. In the fourth nine, undivided, (we see its subject as the dragon looking) as if he were leaping up, but still in the deep. There will be no mistake.

5. In the fifth nine, undivided, (we see its subject as) the dragon on the wing in the sky. It will be advantageous to meet with the great man.

6. In the sixth (or topmost) nine, undivided, (we see its subject as) the dragon exceeding the proper limits. There will be occasion for repentance.

7. (The lines of this hexagram are all strong and undivided, as appears from) the use of the number nine. If the host of dragons (thus) appearing were to divest themselves of their heads, there would be good fortune. [The points are a duke's additions]

2. Khwan

K'un

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Khwan (represents) what is great and originating, penetrating, advantageous, correct and having the firmness of a mare. When the superior man (here intended) has to make any movement, if he take the initiative, he will go astray; if he follow, he will find his (proper) lord. The advantageousness will be seen in his getting friends in the south-west, and losing friends in the north-east. If he rest in correctness and firmness, there will be good fortune.

1. In the first six, divided, (we see its subject) treading on hoarfrost. The strong ice will come (by and by).

2. The second six, divided, (shows the attribute of) being straight, square, and great. (Its operation), without repeated efforts, will be in every respect advantageous.

3. The third six, divided, (shows its subject) keeping his excellence under restraint, but firmly maintaining it. If he should have occasion to engage in the king's service, though he will not claim the success (for himself), he will bring affairs to a good issue.

4. The fourth six, divided, (shows the symbol of a sack tied up. There will be no ground for blame or for praise.

5. The fifth six, divided, (shows) the yellow lower garment. There will be great good fortune.

6. The sixth six, divided (shows) dragons fighting in the wild. Their blood is purple and yellow.

7. (The lines of this hexagram are all weak and divided, as appears from) the use of the number six. If those (who are thus represented) be perpetually correct and firm, advantage will arise.

3. Kun

Chun

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Kun (indicates that in the case which it presupposes) there will be great progress and success, and the advantage will come from being correct and firm. (But) any movement in advance should not be (lightly) undertaken. There will be advantage in appointing feudal princes.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows the difficulty (its subject has) in advancing. It will be advantageous for him to abide correct and firm; advantageous (also) to be made a feudal ruler.

2. The second six, divided, shows (its subject) distressed and obliged to return; (even) the horses of her chariot (also) seem to be retreating. (But) not by a spoiler (is she assailed), but by one who seeks her to be his wife. The young lady maintains her firm correctness, and declines a union. After ten years she will be united, and have children.

3. The third six, divided, shows one following the deer without (the guidance of) the forester, and only finding himself in the midst of the forest. The superior man, acquainted with the secret risks, thinks it better to give up the chase. If he went forward, he would regret it.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows (its subject as a lady), the horses of whose chariot appear in retreat. She seeks, however, (the help of) him who seeks her to be his wife. Advance will be fortunate; all will turn out advantageously.
      5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the difficulties in the way of (its subject's) dispensing the rich favors that might be expected from him. With firmness and correctness there will be good fortune in small things; (even) with them in great things there will be evil.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows (its subject) with the horses of his chariot obliged to retreat, and weeping tears of blood in streams.

4. Mang

Meng

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Mang (indicates that in the case which it presupposes) there will be progress and success. I do not (go and) seek the youthful and inexperienced, but he comes and seeks me. When he shows (the sincerity that marks) the first recourse to divination, I instruct him. If he apply a second and third time, that is troublesome; and I do not instruct the troublesome. There will be advantage in being firm and correct.

1. The first six, divided, (has respect to) the dispelling of ignorance. It will be advantageous to use punishment (for that purpose), and to remove the shackles (from the mind). But going on in that way (of punishment) will give occasion for regret.
      2. The second nine, undivided, (shows its subject) exercising forbearance with the ignorant, in which there will be good fortune; and admitting (even the goodness of women, which will also be fortunate. (He may be described also as) a son able to (sustain the burden of) his family.

3. The third six, divided, (seems to say) that one should not marry a woman whose emblem it might be, for that, when she sees a man of wealth, she will not keep her person from him, and in no wise will advantage come from her.
      4. The fourth six, divided, (shows its subject as io bound in chains of ignorance. There will be occasion for regret.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject as a simple lad without experience. There will be good fortune.

6. In the topmost nine, undivided, we see one smiting the ignorant (youth). But no advantage will come from doing him an injury. Advantage would come from warding off injury from him.

5. Hsu

Hsu

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Hsu intimates that, with the sincerity which is declared in it, there will be brilliant success. With firmness there will be good fortune; and it will be advantageous to cross the great stream.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject waiting in the distant border. It will be well for him constantly to maintain (the purpose thus shown), in which case there will be no error.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject waiting on the sand (of the mountain stream). He will (suffer) the small (injury of) being spoken (against), but in the end there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject in the mud (close by the stream). He thereby invites the approach of injury.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject waiting in (the place of) blood. But he will get out of the cavern.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject waiting amidst the appliances of a feast. Through his firmness and correctness there will be good fortune.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject entered into the cavern. (But) there are three guests coming, without being urged, (to his help).

If he receive them respectfully, there will be good fortune in the end.

6. Sung

Sung

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Sung intimates how, though there is sincerity in one's contention, he will yet meet with opposition and obstruction; but if he cherish an apprehensive caution, there will be good fortune, while, if he must prosecute the contention to the (bitter) end, there will be evil. It will be advantageous to see the great man; it will not be advantageous to cross the great stream.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject not perpetuating the matter about which (the contention is). He will suffer the small (injury) of being spoken against, but the end will be fortunate.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject unequal to the contention. If he retire and keep concealed (where) the inhabitants of his city are (only) three hundred families, he will fall into no mistake.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject keeping in the old place assigned for his support, and firmly correct. Perilous as the position is, there will be good fortune in the end. Should he perchance engage in the king's business, he will not (claim the merit of) achievement.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject unequal to the contention. He returns to (the study of Heaven's) ordinances, changes (his wish to contend), and rests in being firm and correct. There will be good fortune.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject contending;-and with great good fortune.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows how its subject may have the leathern belt conferred on him (by the sovereign), and thrice it shall be taken from him in a morning.

7. Sze

Shih

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Sze indicates how, in the case which it supposes, with firmness and correctness, and (a leader of) age and experience, there will be good fortune and no error.

1. The first six, divided, shows the host going forth according to the rules (for such a movement). If these be not good, there will be evil.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows (the leader) in the midst of the host. There will be good fortune and no error. The king has thrice conveyed to him the orders (of his favor).

3. The third six, divided, shows how the host may, possibly, have many inefficient leaders. There will be evil.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows the host in retreat. There is no error.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows birds in the fields, which it will be advantageous to seize (and destroy). In that case there will be no error. If the oldest son leads the host, and younger men (idly occupy offices assigned to them), however firm and correct he may be, there will be evil.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows the great ruler delivering his charges, (appointing some) to be rulers of states, and others to undertake the headship of clans; but small men should not be employed (in such positions).

8. Pi

Pi

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Pi indicates that (under the conditions which it supposes) there is good fortune. But let (the principal party intended in it) re-examine himself, (as if) by divination, whether his virtue be great, unintermitting, and firm. If it be so, there will be no error. Those who have not rest will then come to him; and with those who are (too) late in coming it will be ill.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject seeking by his sincerity to win the attachment of his object. There will be no error. Let (the breast) be full of sincerity as an earthenware vessel is of its contents, and it will in the end bring other advantages.

2. In the second six, divided ' we see the movement towards union and attachment proceeding from the inward (mind). With firm correctness there will be good fortune.

3. In the third six, divided, we see its subject seeking for union with such as ought not to be associated with.

4. In the fourth six, divided, we see its subject seeking for union with the one beyond himself. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, affords the most illustrious instance of seeking union and attachment. (We seem to see in it) the king urging his pursuit of the game (only) in three directions, and allowing the escape of all the animals before him, while the people of his towns do not warn one another (to prevent it). There will be good fortune.

6. In the topmost six, divided, we see one seeking union and attachment without having taken the first step (to such an end). There will be evil.

9. Hsaio Khu

Hsiao Ch'u

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Hsiao Khu indicates that (under its conditions) there will be progress and success. (We see) dense clouds, but no rain coming from our borders in the west.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject returning and pursuing his own course. What mistake should he fall into? There will be good fortune.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject, by the attraction (of the former line), returning (to the proper course). There will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, suggests the idea of a carriage, the strap beneath which has been removed, or of a husband and wife looking on each other with averted eyes.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject possessed of sincerity. The danger of bloodshed is thereby averted, and his (ground for) apprehension dismissed. There will be no mistake.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject possessed of sincerity, and drawing others to unite with him. Rich in resources, he employs his neighbors (in the same cause with himself).

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows how the rain has fallen, and the (onward progress) is stayed; -(so) must we value the full accumulation of the virtue (represented by the upper trigram). But a wife (exercising restraint), however firm and correct she may be, is in a position of peril, (and like) the moon approaching to the full. If the superior man prosecute his measures (in such circumstances), there will be evil.

10. Lu

Lu

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(Li suggests the idea of) one treading on the tail of a tiger, which does not bite him. 'I'here will be progress and success.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject treading his accustomed path. If he go forward, there will be no error.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject treading the path that is level and easy;-a quiet and solitary man, to whom, if he be firm and correct, there will be good fortune.

3. The third six, divided, shows a one-eyed man (Who thinks he) can see; a lame man (who thinks he) can walk well; one who treads on the tail of a tiger and is bitten. (All this indicates) ill fortune. We have a (mere) bravo acting the part of a great ruler.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject treading on the tail of a tiger. He becomes full of apprehensive caution, and in the end there will be good fortune.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the resolute tread of its subject. Though he be firm and correct, there will be peril.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, tells us to look at (the whole course) that is trodden, and examine the presage which that gives. If it be complete and without failure, there will be great good fortune.

11. Thai

T'ai

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In Thai (we see) the little gone and the great come. (It indicates that) there will be good fortune, with progress and success.

1. The first nine, undivided, suggests the idea of grass pulled up, and bringing with it other stalks with whose roots it is connected. Advance (on the part of its subject) will be fortunate.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows one who can bear with the uncultivated, will cross the Ho without a boat, does not forget the distant, and has no (selfish) friendships. Thus does he prove himself acting in accordance with the course of the due Mean.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows that, while there is no state of peace that is not liable to be disturbed, and no departure (of evil men) so that they shall not return, yet when one is firm and correct, as he realizes the distresses that may arise, he will commit no error. There is no occasion for sadness at the certainty (of such recurring changes); and in this mood the happiness (of the present) may be (long) enjoyed.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject fluttering (down);-not relying on his own rich resources, but calling in his neighbors. (They all come) not as having received warning, but in the sincerity (of their hearts).

5. The fifth six, divided, reminds us of (king) Ti-yi's (rule about the) marriage of his younger sister. By such a course there is happiness and there will be great good fortune.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows us the city wall returned into the moat. It is not the time to use the army. (The subject of the line) may, indeed, announce his orders to the people of his own city; but however correct and firm he may be, he will have cause for regret.

12. Phi

P'i

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In Phi there is the want of good understanding between the (different classes of) men, and its indication is unfavorable to the firm and correct course of the superior man. We see in it the great gone and the little come.

1. The first six, divided, suggests the idea of grass pulled up, and bringing with it other stalks with whose roots it is connected. With firm correctness (on the part of its subject), there will be good fortune and progress.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject patient and obedient. To the small man (comporting himself so) there will be good fortune. If the great man (comport himself) as the distress and obstruction require, he will have success.
      3. The third six, divided, shows its subject ashamed of the purpose folded (in his breast).

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject acting in accordance with the ordination (of Heaven), and committing no error. His companions will come and share in his happiness.

5. In the fifth nine, undivided, we see him who brings the distress and obstruction to a close,-the great man and fortunate. (But let him say), 'We may perish! We may perish!' (so shall the state of things become firm, as if bound to a clump of bushy mulberry trees.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows the overthrow (and removal of) the condition of distress and obstruction. Before this there was that condition. Hereafter there will be joy.

13. Thung Zan

T'ung Jen

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Thung Zan (or 'Union of men') appears here (as we find it) in the (remote districts of the) country, indicating progress and success. It will be advantageous to cross the great stream. It will be advantageous to maintain the firm correctness of the superior man.

1. The first nine, undivided, (shows the representative of) the union of men just issuing from his gate. There will be no error.

2. The second six, divided, (shows the representative of) the union of men in relation with his kindred. There will be occasion for regret.

3. The third nine, undivided, (shows its subject) with his arms hidden in the thick grass, and at the top of a high mound. (But) for three years he makes no demonstration.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, (shows its subject) mounted on the city wall; but he does not proceed to make the attack (he contemplates). There will be good fortune.

5. In the fifth nine, undivided, (the representative of) the union of men first wails and cries out, and then laughs. His great host conquers, and he (and the subject of the second line) meet together.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, (shows the representative of) the union of men in the suburbs. There will be no occasion for repentance.

14. Ta Yu

Ta Yu

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Ta Yu indicates that, (under the circumstances which it implies), there will be great progress and success.

1. In the first nine, undivided, there is no approach to what is injurious, and there is no error. Let there be a realization of the difficulty (and danger of the position), and there will be no error (to the end).

2. In the second nine, undivided, we have a large wagon with its load. In whatever direction advance is made, there will be no error.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows us a feudal prince presenting his offerings to the Son of Heaven. A small man would be unequal (to such a duty).

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject keeping his great resources under restraint, There will be no error.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows the sincerity of its subject reciprocated by that of all the others (represented in the hexagram). Let him display a proper majesty, and there will be good fortune.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject with help accorded to him from Heaven. There will be good fortune, advantage in every respect.

15. Khien

Ch'ien

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Khien indicates progress and success. The superior man, (being humble as it implies), will have a (good) issue (to his undertakings).

1. The first six, divided, shows us the superior man who adds humility to humility. (Even) the great stream may be crossed with this, and there will be good fortune.

2. The second six, divided, shows us humility that has made itself recognized. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows the superior man of (acknowledged) merit. He will maintain his success to the end, and have good fortune.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows one, whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up (the more) his humility.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows one who, without being rich, is able to employ his neighbors. He may advantageously use the force of arms. All his movements will be advantageous.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows us humility that has made itself recognized. The subject of it will with advantage put his hosts in motion; but (he will only) punish his own towns and state.

16. Yu

Yu

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Yu indicates that, (in the state which it implies), feudal princes may be set up, and the hosts put in motion, with advantage.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject proclaiming his pleasure and satisfaction. There will be evil.

2. The second six, divided, shows one who is firm as a rock. (He sees a thing) without waiting till it has come to pass; with his firm correctness there will be good fortune.

3- The third six, divided, shows one looking up, (for favors), while he indulges the feeling of pleasure and satisfaction. If he would understand! -- If he be late in doing so, there will indeed be occasion for repentance.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows him from whom the harmony and satisfaction come. Great is the success which he obtains. Let him not allow suspicions to enter his mind, and thus friends will gather around him.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows one with a chronic complaint, but who lives on without dying.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject with darkened mind devoted to the pleasure and satisfaction (of the time); but if he change his course even when (it may be considered as) completed, there will be no error.

17. Sui

Sui

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Sui indicates that (under its conditions) there will be great progress and success. But it will be advantageous to be firm and correct. There will (then) be no error.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows us one changing the object of his pursuit; but if he be firm and correct, there will be good fortune. Going beyond (his own) gate to find associates, he will achieve merit.

2. The second six, divided, shows us one who cleaves to the little boy, and lets go the man of age and experience.

3. The third six, divided, shows us one who cleaves to the man of age and experience, and lets go the little boy. Such following will get what it seeks; but it will be advantageous to adhere to what is firm and correct.
      4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows us one followed and obtaining (adherents). Though he be firm and correct, there will be evil. If he be sincere (however) in his course, and make that evident, into what error will he fall?
      5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows us (the ruler) sincere in (fostering all) that is excellent. There will be good fortune.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows us (that sincerity) firmly held and clung to, yea, and bound fast. (We see) the king with it presenting his offerings on the western mountain.

18. Ku

Ku

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Ku indicates great progress and success (to him who deals properly with the condition represented by it). There will be advantage in (efforts like that of) crossing the great stream. (He should weigh well, however, the events of) three days before the turning point, and those (to be done) three days after it.

1. The first six, divided, shows (a son) dealing, with the troubles caused by his father. If he be an (able) son, the father will escape the blame of having erred. The position is perilous, but there will be good fortune in the end.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows (a son) dealing with the troubles caused by his mother. He should not (carry) his firm correctness (to the utmost).

3. The third nine, undivided, shows (a son) dealing with the troubles caused by his father. There may be some small occasion for repentance, but there will not be any great error.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows (a son) viewing indulgently the troubles caused by his father. If he go forward, he will find cause to regret it.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows (a son) dealing with the troubles caused by his father. He obtains the praise of using (the fit instrument for his work).

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows us one who does not serve either king or feudal lord, but in a lofty spirit prefers (to attend to) his own affairs.

19. Lin

Lin

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Lin (indicates that under the conditions supposed in it) there will be great progress and success, while it will be advantageous to be firmly correct. In the eighth month there will be evil.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject advancing in company (with the subject of the second line). Through his firm correctness there will be good fortune.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject advancing in company (with the subject of the first line). There will be good fortune; (advancing) will be in every way advantageous.

3. The third six, divided, shows one well pleased (indeed) to advance, (but whose action) will be in no way advantageous. If he become anxious about it (however), there will be no error.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows one advancing )n the highest mode. There will be no error.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows the advance of wisdom, such as befits the great ruler. There will be good fortune.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows the advance of honesty and generosity. There will be good fortune, and no error.

20. Kwan

Kuan

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Kwan shows (how he whom it represents should be like) the worshipper who has washed his hands, but not (yet) presented his offerings; -- with sincerity and an appearance of dignity (commanding reverent regard).

1. The first six, divided, shows the looking of a lad; -- not blamable in men of inferior rank, but matter for regret in superior men.

2. The second six, divided, shows one peeping out from a door. It would be advantageous if it were (merely) the firm correctness of a female.

3. The third six, divided, shows one looking at (the course of) his own life, to advance or recede (accordingly).

4- The fourth six, divided, shows one contemplating the glory of the kingdom. It will be advantageous for him, being such as he is, (to seek) to be a guest of the king.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject contemplating his own life(-course). A superior man, he will (thus) fall into no error.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows its subject contemplating his character to see if it be indeed that of a superior man. He will not fall into error.

21. Shih Ho

Shih Ho

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Shih Ho indicates successful progress (in the condition of things which it supposes). It will be advantageous to use legal constraints.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows one with his feet in the stocks and deprived of his toes. There will be no error.

2. The second six, divided, shows one biting through the soft flesh, and (going on to) bite off the nose. There will be no error.

3. The third six, divided, shows one gnawing dried flesh, and meeting with what is disagreeable. There will be occasion for some small regret, but no (great) error.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows one gnawing the flesh dried on the bone, and getting the pledges of money and arrows. It will be advantageous to him to realize the difficulty of his task and be firm, in which case there will be good fortune.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows one gnawing at dried flesh, and finding the yellow gold. Let him be firm and correct, realizing the peril (of his position). There will be no error.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows one wearing the cangue, and deprived of his ears. There will be evil.

22. Pi

Pi

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Pi indicates that there should be free course (in what it denotes). There will be little advantage (however) if it be allowed to advance (and take the lead).

1. The first nine, undivided, shows one adorning (the way of) his feet. He can discard a carriage and walk on foot.

2. The second six, divided, shows one adorning his beard.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject with the appearance of being adorned and bedewed (with rich favors). But let him ever maintain his firm correctness, and there will be good fortune.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows one looking as if adorned, but only in white. As if (mounted on) a white horse, and furnished with wings, (he seeks union with the subject of the first line), while (the intervening third pursues), not as a robber, but intent on a matrimonial alliance.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject adorned by (the occupants oo the heights and gardens. He bears his roll of silk, small and slight. He may appear stingy; but there will be good fortune in the end.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows one with white as his (only) ornament. There will be no error.

23. Po

Po

☶

☷

Po indicates that (in the state which it symbolizes) it will not be advantageous to make a movement in any direction whatever.

1. The first six, divided, shows one overturning the couch by injuring its legs. (The injury will go on to) the destruction of (all) firm correctness, and there will be evil.

2. The second six, divided, shows one overthrowing the couch by injuring its frame. (The injury will go on to) the destruction of (all) firm correctness, and there will be evil.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject among the overthrowers; but there will be no error.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject having overthrown the couch, and (going to injure) the skin (of him who lies on it). There will be evil.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows (its subject leading on the others like) a string of fishes, and (obtaining for them) the favor that lights on the inmates of the palace. There will be advantage in every way.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject (as) a great fruit which has not been eaten. The superior man finds (the people again) as a chariot carrying him. The small men (by their course) overthrow their own dwellings.

24. Fu

Fu

☷

☳

Fu indicates that there will be free course and progress (in what it denotes). (The subject of it) finds no one to distress him in his exits and entrances; friends come to him, and no error is committed. He will return and repeat his (proper) course. In seven days comes his return. There will be advantage in whatever direction movement is made.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject returning (from an error) of no great extent, which would not proceed to anything requiring repentance. There will be great good fortune.

2. The second six, divided, shows the admirable return (of its subject). There will be good fortune.

3. The third six, divided, shows one who has made repeated returns. The position is perilous, but there will be no error.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject moving right in the center (among those represented by the other divided lines), and yet returning alone (to his proper path).

5. The fifth six, divided, shows the noble return of its subject. There will be no ground for repentance.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject all astray on the subject of returning. There will be evil. There will be calamities and errors. If with his views he put the hosts in motion, the end will be a great defeat, whose issues will extend to the ruler of the state. Even in ten years he will not be able to repair the disaster.

25. Wu Wang

Wu Wang

☱

☳

Wu Wang indicates great progress and success, while there will be advantage in being firm and correct. If (its subject and his action) be not correct, he will fall into errors, and it will not be advantageous for him to move in any direction.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject free from all insincerity. His advance will be accompanied with good fortune.

2. The second six, divided, shows one who reaps without having ploughed (that he might reap), and gathers the produce of his third year's fields without having cultivated them the first year for that end. To such a one there will be advantage in whatever direction he may move.

3. The third six, divided, shows calamity happening to one who is free from insincerity;-as in the case of an ox that has been tied up. A passer by finds it (and carries it off), while the people in the neighborhood have the calamity (of being accused and apprehended).

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows (a case) in which, if its subject can remain firm and correct, there will be no error.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows one who is free from insincerity, and yet has fallen ill. Let him not use medicine, and he will have occasion for joy (in his recovery).

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject free from insincerity, yet sure to fall into error, if he take action. (His action) will not be advantageous in any way.

26. Ta Khu

Ta Ch'u

☶

☱

Under the conditions of Ta Khu it will be advantageous to be firm and correct. (If its subject do not seek to) enjoy his revenues in his own family (without taking service at court), there will be good fortune. It will be advantageous for him to cross the great stream.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject in a position of peril. It will be advantageous for him to stop his advance.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows a carriage with the strap under it removed.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject urging his way with good horses. It will be advantageous for him to realize the difficulty (of his course), and to be firm and correct, exercising himself daily in his charioteering and methods of defense; then there will be advantage in whatever direction he may advance.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows the young bull, (and yet) having the piece of wood over his horns. There will be great good fortune.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows the teeth of a castrated hog. There will be good fortune.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows its subject (as) in command of the firmament of heaven. There will be progress.

27. I

I

☶

☳

I indicates that with firm correctness there will be good fortune (in what is denoted by it). We must look at what we are seeking to nourish, and by the exercise of our thoughts seek for the proper aliment.

1. The first nine, undivided, (seems to be thus addressed), 'You leave your efficacious tortoise, and look at me till your lower jaw hangs down.' There will be evil.

2. The second six, divided, shows one looking downwards for nourishment, which is contrary to what is proper; or seeking it from the height (above), advance towards which will lead to evil.

3. The third six, divided, shows one acting contrary to the method of nourishing. However firm he may be, there will be evil. For ten years let him not take any action, (for) it will not be in any way advantageous.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows one looking downwards for (the power to) nourish. There will be good fortune. Looking with a tiger's downward unwavering glare, and with his desire that impels him to spring after spring, he will fall into no error.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows one acting contrary to what is regular and proper; but if he abide in firmness, there will be good fortune. He should not, (however, try to) cross the great stream.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows him from whom comes the nourishing. His position is perilous, but there will be good fortune. It will be advantageous to cross the great stream.

28. Thun

Tun

☱

☴

Thun indicates successful progress (in its circumstances). To a small extent it will (still) be advantageous to be firm and correct.

1. The first six, divided, shows a retiring tail. The position is perilous. No movement in any direction should be made.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject holding (his purpose) fast as if by a (thong made from the) hide of a yellow ox, which cannot be broken.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows one retiring but bound,-to his distress and peril. (If he were to deal with his binders as in) nourishing a servant or concubine, it would be fortunate for him.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject retiring notwithstanding his likings. In a superior man this will lead to good fortune; a small man cannot attain to this.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject retiring in an admirable way. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows its subject retiring in a noble way. It will be advantageous in every respect.

29. Khan

K'an

☵

☵

Khan, here repeated, shows the possession of sincerity, through which the mind is penetrating. Action (in accordance with this) will be of high value.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject in the double defile, and (yet) entering a cavern within it. There will be evil.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject in all the peril of the defile. He will, however, get a little (of the deliverance) that he seeks.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject, whether he comes or goes (=descends or ascends), confronted by a defile. All is peril to him and unrest. (His endeavors) will lead him into the cavern of the pit. There should be no action (in such a case).

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject (at a feast), with (simply) a bottle of spirits, and a subsidiary basket of rice, while (the cups and bowls) are (only) of earthenware. He introduces his important lessons (as his ruler's) intelligence admits. There will in the end be no error.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the water of the defile not yet full, (so that it might flow away); but order will (soon) be brought about. There will be no error.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject bound with cords of three strands or two strands, and placed in the thicket of thorns. But in three years he does not learn the course for him to pursue. There will be evil.

30. Li

Li

☲

☲

Li indicates that, (in regard to what it denotes), it will be advantageous to be firm and correct, and that thus there will be free course and success. Let (its subject) also nourish (a docility like that of) the cow, and there will be good fortune.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows one ready to move with confused steps. But he treads at the same time reverently, and there will be no mistake.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject in his place in yellow. There will be great good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject in a position like that of the declining sun. Instead of playing on his instrument of earthenware, and singing to it, he utters the groans of an old man of eighty. There will be evil.
      4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows the manner of its subject's coming. How abrupt it is, as with fire, with death, to be rejected (by all)!

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject as one with tears flowing in torrents, and groaning in sorrow. There will be good fortune.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows the king employing its subject in his punitive expeditions. Achieving admirable (merit), he breaks (only) the chiefs (of the rebels). Where his prisoners were not their associates, he does not punish. There will be no error.

31. Hsien

Hsien

☱

☶

Hsien indicates that, (on the fulfillment of the conditions implied in it), there will be free course and success. Its advantageousness will depend on the being firm and correct, (as) in marrying a young lady. There will be good fortune.

1. The first six, divided, shows one moving his great toes.

2. The second six, divided, shows one moving the calves of his leg. There will be evil. If he abide (quiet in his place), there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows one moving his thighs, and keeping close hold of those whom he follows. Going forward (in this way) will cause regret.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows that firm correctness which will lead to good fortune, and prevent all occasion for repentance. If its subject be unsettled in his movements, (only) his friends will follow his purpose.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows one moving the flesh along the spine above the heart. There will be no occasion for repentance.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows one -.moving his jaws and tongue.

32. Hang

Heng

☳

☴

Hang indicates successful progress and no error (in what it denotes). But the advantage will come from being firm and correct; and movement in any direction whatever will be advantageous.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject deeply (desirous) of long continuance. Even with firm correctness there will be evil; there will be no advantage in any way.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows all occasion for repentance disappearing.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows one who does not continuously maintain his virtue. There are those who will impute this to him as a disgrace. However firm he may be, there will be ground for regret.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows a field where there is no game.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject continuously maintaining the virtue indicated by it. In a wife this will be fortunate; in a husband, evil.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject exciting himself to long continuance. There will be evil.

33. Thun

Tun

☱

☶

Thun indicates successful progress (in its circumstances). To a small extent it will (still) be advantageous to be firm and correct.

1. The first six, divided, shows a retiring tail. The position is perilous. No movement in any direction should be made.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject holding (his purpose) fast as if by a (thong made from the) hide of a yellow ox, which cannot be broken.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows one retiring but bound,-to his distress and peril. (If he were to deal with his binders as in) nourishing a servant or concubine, it would be fortunate for him.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject retiring notwithstanding his likings. In a superior man this will lead to good fortune; a small man cannot attain to this.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject retiring in an admirable way. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows its subject retiring in a noble way. It will be advantageous in ev ery respect.

34. Ta Kwang

Ta Chuang

☳

☱

Ta Kwang indicates that (under the conditions which it symbolizes) it will be advantageous to be firm and correct.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject manifesting his strength in his toes. But advance will lead to evil, -most certainly.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows that with firm correctness there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows, in the case of a small man, one using all his strength; and in the case of a superior man, one whose rule is not to do so. Even with firm correctness the position would be perilous. (The exercise of strength in it might be compared to the case of) a ram butting against a fence, and getting his horns entangled.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows (a case in which) firm correctness leads to good fortune, and occasion for repentance disappears. (We see) the fence opened without the horns being entangled. The strength is like that in the wheel-spokes of a large wagon.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows one who loses his ram (-like strength) in the ease of his position. (But) there will be no occasion for repentance.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows (one who may be compared to) the ram butting against the fence, and unable either to retreat, or to advance as he would fain do. There will not be advantage in any respect; but if he realize the difficulty (of his position), there will be good fortune.

35. Chin

Chin

☲

☷

In Chin we see a prince who secures the tranquillity (of the people) presented on that account with numerous horses (by the king), and three times in a day received at interviews.

1. The first six, divided, shows one wishing to advance, and (at the same time) kept back. Let him be firm and correct, and there will be good fortune. If trust be not reposed in him, let him maintain a large and generous mind, and there will be no error.

2. The second six, divided, show. its subject with the appearance of advancing, and yet of being sorrowful. If he be firm and correct, there will be good fortune. He will receive this great blessing from his grandmother.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject trusted by all (around him). All occasion for repentance will disappear.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject with the appearance of advancing, but like a marmot. However firm and correct he may be, the position is one of peril.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows how all occasion for repentance disappears (from its subject). (But) let him not concern himself about whether he shall fail or succeed. To advance will be fortunate, and in every way advantageous.

6. The topmost nine undivided, shows one advancing his horns. But he only uses them to punish the (rebellious people of his own) city. The position is perilous, but there will be good fortune. (Yet) however firm and correct he may be, there will be occasion for regret.

36. Ming I

Ming I

☷

☲

Ming I indicates that (in the circumstances which it denotes) it will be advantageous to realize the difficulty (of the position), and maintain firm correctness.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject, (in the condition indicated by) Ming I, flying, but with drooping wings. When the superior man (is revolving) his going away, he may be for three days without eating. Wherever he goes, the people there may speak (derisively of him).

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject, (in the condition indicated by) Ming I, wounded in the left thigh. He saves himself by the strength of a (swift) horse; and is fortunate.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject, (in the condition indicated by) Ming I, hunting in the south, and taking the great chief (of the darkness). He should not be eager to make (all) correct (at once).

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject (just) entered into the left side of the belly (of the dark land). (But) he is able to carry out the mind appropriate (in the condition indicated by) Ming I, quitting the gate and courtyard (of the lord of darkness).

5. The fifth six, divided, shows how the count of Ki fulfilled the condition indicated by Ming I. It will be advantageous to be firm and correct.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows the case where there is no light, but (only) obscurity. (Its subject) had at first ascended to (the top of) the sky; his future shall be to go into the earth.

37. Kia Zan

Chia Jen

☴

☲

For (the realization of what is taught in) Kia Zan, (or for the regulation of the family), what is most advantageous is that the wife be firm and correct.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject establishing restrictive regulations in his household. Occasion for repentance will disappear.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject taking nothing on herself, but in her central place attending to the preparation of the food. Through her firm correctness there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject (treating) the members of the household with stern severity. There will be occasion for repentance, there will be peril, (but) there will (also) be good fortune. If the wife and children were to be smirking and chattering, in the end there would be occasion for regret.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject enriching the family. There will be great good fortune.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the influence of the king extending to his family. There need be no anxiety; there will be good fortune.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject possessed of sincerity and arrayed in majesty. In the end there will be good fortune.

38. Khwei

K'uei

☲

☱

Khwei indicates that, (notwithstanding the condition of things which it denotes), in small matters there will (still) be good success.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows that (to its subject) occasion for repentance will disappear. He has lost his horses, but let him not seek for them; -they will return of themselves. Should he meet with bad men, he will not err (in communicating with them).

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject happening to meet with his lord in a bye-passage. There will be no error.

3. In the third six, divided, we see one whose carriage is dragged back, while the oxen in it are pushed back, and he is himself subjected to the shaving of his head and the cutting off of his nose. There is no good beginning, but there will be a good end.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject solitary amidst the (prevailing) disunion. (But) he meets with the good man (represented by the first line), and they blend their sincere desires together. The position is one of peril, but there will be no mistake.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows that (to its subject) occasion for repentance will disappear. With his relative (and minister he unites closely and readily) as if he were biting through a piece of skin. When he goes forward (with this help), what error can there be?

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject solitary amidst the (prevailing) disunion. (In the subject of the third line, he seems to) see a pig bearing on its back a load of mud, (or fancies) there is a carriage full of ghosts. He first bends his bow against him, and afterwards unbends it, (for he discovers) that he is not an assailant to injure, but a near relative. Going forward, he shall meet with (genial) rain, and there will be good fortune.

39. Kien

Chien

☵

☶

In (the state indicated by) Kien advantage will be found in the south-west, and the contrary in the north-east. It will be advantageous (also) to meet with the great man. (In these circumstances), with firmness and correctness, there will be good fortune.

1. From the first six, divided, we learn that advance (on the part of its subject) will lead to (greater) difficulties, while remaining stationary will afford ground for praise.

2. The second six, divided, shows the minister of the king struggling with difficulty on difficulty, and not with a view to his own advantage.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject advancing, (but only) to (greater) difficulties. He remains stationary, and returns (to his former associates).

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject advancing, (but only) to (greater) difficulties. He remains stationary, and unites (with the subject of the line above).

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject struggling with the greatest difficulties, while friends are coming to help him.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject going forward, (only to increase) the difficulties, while his remaining stationary will be (productive of) great (merit). There will be good fortune, and it will be advantageous to meet with the great man.

40. Kieh

Chieh

☳

☵

In (the state indicated by) Kieh advantage will be found in the south-west. If no (further) operations be called for, there will be good fortune in coming back (to the old conditions). If some operations be called for, there will be good fortune in the early conducting of them.

1. The first six, divided, shows that its subject will commit no error.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject catch, in hunting, three foxes, and obtain the yellow (=golden) arrows. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.

3. The third six, divided, shows a porter with his burden, (yet) riding in a carriage. He will (only) tempt robbers to attack him. However firm and correct he may (try to) be, there will be cause for regret.

4. (To the subject of) the fourth nine, undivided, (it is said), 'Remove your toes. Friends will (then) come, between you and whom there will be mutual confidence.'

5. The fifth six, divided, shows (its subject), the superior man (=the ruler), executing his function of removing (whatever is injurious to the idea of the hexagram), in which case there will be good fortune, and confidence in him will be shown even by the small men.

6. In the sixth six, divided, we see a feudal prince (with his bow) shooting at a falcon on the top of a high wall, and hitting it. (The effect of his action) will be in every way advantageous.

41. Sun

Sun

☶

☱

In (what is denoted by) Sun, if there be sincerity (in him who employs it), there will be great good fortune: - freedom from error; firmness and correctness that can be maintained; and advantage in every movement that shall be made. In what shall this (sincerity in the exercise of Sun) be employed? (Even) in sacrifice two baskets of grain, (though there be nothing else), may be presented.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject suspending his own affairs, and hurrying, away (to help the subject of the fourth line). He will commit no error, but let him consider how far he should contribute of what is his (for the other).
      2. The second nine, undivided, shows that it will be advantageous for its subject to maintain a firm correctness, and that action on his part will be evil. He can give increase (to his correlate) without taking from himself
      3. The third six, divided, shows how of three men walking together, the number is diminished by one; and how one, walking, finds his friend.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject diminishing the ailment under which he labors by making (the subject of the first line) hasten (to his help), and make him glad. There will be no error.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows parties adding to (the stores of) its subject ten pairs of tortoise shells, and accepting no refusal. There will be great good fortune.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject giving increase to others without taking from himself. There will be no error. With firm correctness there will be good fortune. There will be advantage in every movement that shall be made. He will find ministers more than can be counted by their clans.

42. Yî

Yî

☴

☳

Yî indicates that (in the state which it denotes) there will be advantage in every movement which shall be undertaken, that it will be advantageous (even) to cross the great stream.

1. The first [bottom line] nine, undivided, shows that it will be advantageous for its subject in his position to make a great movement. If it be greatly fortunate, no blame will be imputed to him.

2. The second six, divided, shows parties adding to the stores of its subject ten pairs of tortoise shells whose oracles cannot be opposed. Let him persevere in being firm and correct, and there will be good fortune. Let the king, (having the virtues thus distinguished), employ them in presenting his offerings to God, and there will be good fortune.

3. The third six, divided, shows increase given to its subject by means of what is evil, so that he shall (be led to good), and be without blame. Let him be sincere and pursue the path of the Mean, (so shall he secure the recognition of the ruler, like) an officer who announces himself to his prince by the symbol of his rank.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject pursuing the due course. His advice to his prince is followed. He can with advantage be relied on in such a movement as that of removing the capital.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject with sincere heart seeking to benefit (all below). There need be no question about it; the result will be great good fortune. (All below) will with sincere heart acknowledge his goodness.

6. In the sixth nine, undivided, we see one to whose increase none will contribute, while many will seek to assail him. He observes no regular rule in the ordering of his heart. There will be evil.

43. Kwai

Kuai

☱

☱

Kwai requires (in him who would fulfil its meaning) the exhibition (of the culprit's guilt) in the royal court, and a sincere and earnest appeal (for sympathy and support), with a consciousness of the peril (involved in cutting off the criminal). He should (also) make announcement in his own city, and show that it will not be well to have recourse at once to arms. (In this way) there will be advantage in whatever he shall go forward to.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject in (the pride of) strength advancing with his toes. He goes forward, but will not succeed. There will be ground for blame.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject full of apprehension and appealing (for sympathy and help). Late at night hostile measures may be (taken against him), but he need not be anxious about them.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject (about to advance) with strong (and determined) looks. There will be evil. (But) the superior man, bent on cutting off (the criminal), will walk alone and encounter the rain, (till he be hated by his proper associates) as if he were contaminated (by the others). (In the end) there will be no blame against him.

4. The fourth nine, Undivided, shows one from whose buttocks the skin has been stripped, and who walks slowly and with difficulty. (If he could act) like a sheep led (after its companions), occasion for repentance would disappear. But though he hear these words, he will not believe them.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows (the small men like) a bed of purslain, which ought to be uprooted with the utmost determination. (The subject of the line having such determination), his action, in harmony with his central position, will lead to no error or blame.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows its subject without any (helpers) on whom to call. His end will be evil.

44. Kau

Kou

☱

☴

Kau shows a female who is bold and strong. It will not be good to marry (such) a female.

1. The first six, divided, shows how its subject should be kept (like a carriage) tied and fastened to a metal drag, in which case with firm correctness there will be good fortune. (But) if he move in any direction, evil will appear. He will be (like) a lean pig, which is sure to keep jumping about.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject with a wallet of fish. There will be no error. But it will not be well to let (the subject of the first line) go forward to the guests.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows one from whose buttocks the skin has been stripped so that he walks with difficulty. The position is perilous, but there will be no great error.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject with his wallet, but no fish in it. This will give rise to evil.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, (shows its subject as) a medlar tree overspreading the gourd (beneath it). If he keep his brilliant qualities concealed, (a good issue) will descend (as) from Heaven.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows its subject receiving others on his horns. There will be occasion for regret, but there will be no error.

45. Tsui

Ts'ui

☱

☷

In (the state denoted by) Tsui, the king will repair to his ancestral temple. It will be advantageous (also) to meet with the great man; and then there will be progress and success, though the advantage must come through firm correctness. The use of great victims will conduce to good fortune; and in whatever direction movement is made, it will be advantageous.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject with a sincere desire (for union), but unable to carry it out, so that disorder is brought into the sphere of his union. If he cry out (for help to his proper correlate), all at once (his tears) will give place to smiles. He need not mind (the temporary difficulty); as he goes forward, there will be no error.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject led forward (by his correlate). There will be good fortune, and freedom from error. There is entire sincerity, and in that case (even the small offerings of) the vernal sacrifice are acceptable.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject striving after union and seeming to sigh, yet nowhere finding any advantage. If he go forward, he will not err, though there may be some small cause for regret.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject in such a state that, if he be greatly fortunate, he will receive no blame.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the union (of all) under its subject in the place of dignity. There will be no error. If any do not have confidence in him, let him see to it that (his virtue) be great, long continued, and firmly correct, and all occasion for repentance will disappear.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject sighing and weeping; but there will be no error.

46. Shang

Sheng

☷

☴

Shang indicates that (under its conditions) there will be great progress and success. Seeking by (the qualities implied in it) to meet with the great man, its subject need have no anxiety. Advance to the south will be fortunate.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject advancing upwards with the welcome (of those above him). There will be great good fortune.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject with that sincerity which will make even the (small) offerings of the vernal sacrifice acceptable. There will be no error.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject ascending upwards (as into) an empty city.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject employed by the king to present his offerings on mount Khi. There will be good fortune; there will be no mistake.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject firmly correct, and therefore enjoying good fortune. He ascends the stairs (with all due ceremony).

6. The sixth six, divided, shows its subject advancing upwards blindly. Advantage will be found in a ceaseless maintenance of firm correctness.

47. Khwan

K'un

☱

☵

In (the condition denoted by) Khwan there may (yet be) progress and success. For the firm and correct, the (really) great man, there will be good fortune. He will fall into no error. If he make speeches, his words cannot be made good.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject with bare buttocks straitened under the stump of a tree. He enters a dark valley, and for three years has no prospect (of deliverance).

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject straitened amidst his wine and viands. There come to him anon the red knee-covers (of the ruler). It will be well for him (to maintain his sincerity as) in sacrificing. Active operations (on his part) will lead to evil, but he will be free from blame.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject straitened before a (frowning) rock. He lays hold of thorns. He enters his palace, and does not see his wife. There will be evil.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject proceeding very slowly (to help the subject of the first line), who is straitened by the carriage adorned with metal in front of him. There will be occasion for regret, but the end will be good.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject with his nose and feet cut off. He is straitened by (his ministers in their) scarlet aprons. He is leisurely in his movements, however, and is satisfied. It will be well for him to be (as sincere) as in sacrificing (to spiritual beings).

6. The sixth six, divided, shows its subject straitened, as if bound with creepers; or in a high and dangerous position, and saying (to himself), 'If I move, I shall repent it.' If he do repent of former errors, there will be good fortune in his going forward.

48. Ching

Ching

☵

☴

(Looking at) Ching, (we think of) how (the site of) a town may be changed, while (the fashion of) its wells undergoes no change. (The water of a well) never disappears and never receives (any great) increase, and those who come and those who go can draw and enjoy the benefit. If (the drawing) have nearly been accomplished, but, before the rope has quite reached the water, the bucket is broken, this is evil.

1. The first six, divided, shows a well so muddy that men will not drink of it; or an old well to which neither birds (nor other creatures) resort.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows a well from which by a hole the water escapes and flows away to the shrimps (and such small creatures among the grass), or one the water of which leaks away from a broken basket.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows a well, which has been cleared out, but is not used. Our hearts are sorry for this, for the water might be drawn out and used. If the king were (only) intelligent, both he and we might receive the benefit of it.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows a well, the lining of which is well laid. There will be no error

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows a clear, limpid well, (the waters from) whose cold spring are (freely) drunk.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows (the water from) the well brought to the top, which is not allowed to be covered. This suggests the idea of sincerity. There will be great good fortune.

49. Ko

Ko

☱

☲

(What takes place as indicated by) Ko is believed in only after it has been accomplished. There will be great progress and success. Advantage will come from being firm and correct. (In that case) occasion for repentance will disappear.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject (as if he were) bound with the skin of a yellow ox.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject making his changes after some time has passed. Action taken will be fortunate. There will be no error.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows that action taken by its subject will be evil. Though he be firm and correct, his position is perilous. If the change (he contemplates) have been three times fully discussed, he will be believed in.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows occasion for repentance disappearing (from its subject). Let him be believed in; and though he change (existing) ordinances, there will be good fortune.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the great man (producing his changes) as the tiger (does when he) changes (his stripes). Before he divines (and proceeds to action), faith has been reposed in him.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows the superior man producing his changes as the leopard (does when he) changes (his spots), while small men change their faces (and show their obedience). To go forward (now) would lead to evil, but there will be good fortune in abiding firm and correct.

50. Ting

Ting

☲

☴

Ting gives the intimation of great progress and success.

1. The first six, divided, shows the caldron overthrown and its feet turned up. (But) there will be advantage in its getting rid of what was bad in it. (Or it shows us) the concubine (whose position is improved) by means of her son. There will be no error.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows the caldron with the things (to be cooked) in it. (If its subject can say), 'My enemy dislikes me, but he cannot approach me,' there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows the caldron with (the places of) its ears changed. The progress (of its subject) is (thus) stopped. The fat flesh of the pheasant (which is in the caldron) will not be eaten. But the (genial) rain will come, and the grounds for repentance will disappear. There will be good fortune in the end.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows the caldron with its feet broken; and its contents, designed for the ruler's use, overturned and spilt. Its subject will be made to blush for shame. There will be evil.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows the caldron with yellow ears and rings of metal in them. There will be advantage through being firm and correct.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows the caldron with rings of jade. There will be great good fortune, and all action taken will be in every way advantageous.

51. Cheng (Legge: Kan)

Chen

☳

☳

Kan gives the intimation of ease and development. When (the time of) movement (which it indicates) comes, (the subject of the hexagram) will be found looking out with apprehension, and yet smiling and talking cheerfully. When the movement (like a crash of thunder) terrifies all within a hundred li, he will be (like the sincere worshipper) who is not (startled into) letting go his ladle and (cup of) sacrificial spirits.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject, when the movement approaches, looking out and around with apprehension, and afterwards smiling and talking cheerfully. There will be good fortune.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject, when the movement approaches, in a position of peril. He judges it better to let go the articles (in his possession), and to ascend a very lofty height. There is no occasion for him to pursue after (the things he has let go); in seven days he will find them.
      The third six, divided, shows its subject distraught amid the startling movements going on. If those movements excite him to (right) action, there will be no mistake.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject, amid the startling movements, supinely sinking (deeper) in the mud.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject going and coming amidst the startling movements (of the time), and always in peril; but perhaps he will not incur loss, and find business (which he can accomplish).

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject, amidst the startling movements (of the time), in breathless dismay and looking round him with trembling apprehension. If he take action, there will be evil. If, while the startling movements have not reached his own person and his neighborhood, (he were to take precautions), there would be no error, though his relatives might (still) speak against him.

51. Kan

Ken

☶

☶

When one's resting is like that of the back, and he loses all consciousness of self; when he walks in his courtyard, and does not see any (of the persons) in it,-there will be no error.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject keeping his toes at rest. There will be no error; but it will be advantageous for him to be persistently firm and correct.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject keeping the calves of his legs at rest. He cannot help (the subject of the line. above) whom he follows, and is dissatisfied in his mind.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject keeping his loins at rest, and separating the ribs (from the body below). The situation is perilous, and the heart glows with suppressed excitement.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject keeping his trunk at rest. There will be no error.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its Subject keeping his jawbones at rest, sb that his words are (all) orderly. Occasion for repentance will disappear.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows its subject devotedly maintaining his restfulness. There will be good fortune.

53. Kien

Chien

☴

☶

Kien suggests to us the marriage of a young lady, and the good fortune (attending it). There

will be advantage in being firm and correct.

1. The first six, divided, shows the wild geese gradually approaching the shore. A young officer (in similar circumstances) will be in a position of danger, and be spoken against; but there will be no error.

2. The second six, divided, shows the geese gradually approaching the large rocks, where they eat and drink joyfully and at ease. There will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows them gradually advanced to the dry plains. (It suggests also the idea of) a husband who goes on an expedition from which he does not return, and of a wife who is pregnant, but will not nourish her child. There will be evil. (The case symbolized) might be advantageous in resisting plunderers.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows the geese gradually advanced to the trees. They may light on the flat branches. There will be no error.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows the geese gradually advanced to the high mound. (It suggests the idea of) a wife who for three years does not become pregnant; but in the end the natural issue cannot be prevented. There will be good fortune.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows the geese gradually advanced to the large heights (beyond). Their feathers can be used as ornaments. There will be good fortune.

54. Kwei Mei

Kuei Mei

☳

☱

Kwei Mei indicates that (under the conditions which it denotes) action will be evil, and in no wise advantageous.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows the younger sister married off in a position ancillary to the real wife. (It suggests the idea of) a person lame on one leg who yet manages to tramp along. Going forward will be fortunate.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows her blind of one eye, and yet able to see. There will be advantage in her maintaining the firm correctness of a solitary widow.

3. The third six, divided, shows the younger sister who was to be married off in a mean position. She returns and accepts an ancillary position.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows the younger sister who is to be married off protracting the time. She may be late in being married, but the time will come.

5. The fifth six, divided, reminds us of the marrying of the younger sister of (king) Ti-yi, when the sleeves of her the princess were not equal to those of the (still) younger sister who accompanied her in an inferior capacity. (The case suggests the thought oo the moon almost full. There will be good fortune.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows the young lady bearing the basket, but without anything in it, and the gentleman slaughtering the sheep, but without blood flowing from it. There will be no advantage in any way.

55. Fang

Fang

☳

☲

Fang intimates progress and development. When a king has reached the point (which the name denotes there is no occasion to be anxious (through fear of a change). Let him be as the sun at noon.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject meeting with his mate. Though they are both of the same character, there will be no error. Advance will call forth approval.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject surrounded by screens so large and t ' hick that at midday he can see from them the constellation of the Bushel. If he go (and try to enlighten his ruler who is thus emblemed), he will make himself to be viewed with suspicion and dislike. Let him cherish his feeling of sincere devotion that he may thereby move (his ruler's mind), and there will be good fortune.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject with an (additional) screen of a large and thick banner, through which at midday he can see (the small) Mei star. (In the darkness) he breaks his right arm; but there will be no error.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject' in a tent so large and thick that at midday he can see from it the constellation of the Bushel. But he meets with the subject of the (first) line, undivided like himself. There will be good fortune.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject bringing around him the men of brilliant ability. There will be occasion for congratulation and praise. There will be good fortune.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject with his house made large, but only serving as a screen to his household. When he looks at his door, it is still, and there is nobody about it. For three years no one is to be seen. There will be evil.

56. Lu

Lu

☲

☶

Lu intimates that (in the condition which it denotes) there may be some little attainment and progress. If the stranger or traveler be firm and correct as he ought to be, there will be good fortune.

1. The first six, divided, shows the stranger mean and meanly occupied. It is thus that he

brings on himself (further) calamity.

2. The second six, divided, shows the stranger, occupying his lodging-house, carrying with him his means of livelihood, and provided with good and trusty servants.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows the stranger, burning his lodging-house, and having lost his servants. However firm and correct he (try to) be, he will be in peril.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows the traveler in a resting-place, having (also) the means of livelihood and the axe, (but still saying),'I am not at ease in my mind.'

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject shooting a pheasant. He will lose his arrow, but in the end he will obtain praise and a (high) charge.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, suggests the idea of a bird burning its nest. The stranger, (thus represented), first laughs and then cries out. He has lost his ox(-like docility) too readily and easily. There will be evil.

57. Sun

Sun

☴

☴

Sun intimates that (under the conditions which it denotes) there will be some little attainment and progress. There will be advantage in movement onward in whatever direction. It will be advantageous (also) to see the great man.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject (now) advancing, (now) receding. It would be advantageous for him to have the firm correctness of a brave soldier.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows the representative of Sun beneath a couch, and employing diviners and exorcists in a way bordering on confusion. There will be good fortune and no error.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject penetrating (only) by violent and repeated efforts. There will be occasion for regret.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows all occasion for repentance (in its subject) passed away. He takes game for its threefold use in his hunting.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows that with firm correctness there will be good fortune (to its subject). All occasion for repentance will disappear, and all his movements will be advantageous. There may have been no (good) beginning, but there will be a (good) end. Three days before making any changes, (let him give notice of them); and three days after, (let him reconsider them). There will (thus) be good fortune.

6. The sixth nine, undivided, shows the representative of penetration beneath a couch, and having lost the axe with which he executed his decisions. However firm and correct he may (try to) be, there will be evil.

58. Tui

Tui

☱

☱

Tui intimates that (under its conditions) there will be progress and attainment. (But) it will be advantageous to be firm and correct.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows the pleasure of (inward) harmony. There will be good fortune.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows the pleasure arising from (inward) sincerity. There will be good fortune. Occasion for repentance will disappear.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject bringing round himself whatever can give pleasure. There will be evil.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject deliberating about what to seek his pleasure in, and not at rest. He borders on what would be injurious, but there will be cause for joy.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject trusting in one who would injure him. The situation is perilous.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows the pleasure of its subject in leading and attracting others.

59. Hwan

Huan

☴

☵

Hwan intimates that (under its conditions) there will be progress and success. The king goes to his ancestral temple; and it will be advantageous to cross the great stream. It will be advantageous to be firm and correct.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject engaged in rescuing (from the impending evil) and having (the assistance of) a strong horse. There will be good fortune.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject, amid the dispersion, hurrying to his contrivance (for security). All occasion for repentance will disappear.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject discarding any regard to his own person. There will be no occasion for repentance.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject scattering the (different) parties (in the state); which leads to great good fortune. From the dispersion (he collects again good men standing out, a crowd) like a mound, which is what ordinary men would not have thought of

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject amidst the dispersion issuing his great announcements as the perspiration (flows from his body). He scatters abroad (also) the accumulations in the royal granaries. There will be no error.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject disposing of (what may be called) its bloody wounds, and going and separating himself from its anxious fears. There will be no error.

60. Kieh

Chieh

☵

☱

Kieh intimates that (under its conditions) there will be progress and attainment. (But) if the regulations (which it prescribes) be severe and difficult, they cannot be permanent.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject not quitting the courtyard outside his door. There will be no error.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject not quitting the courtyard inside his gate. There will be evil.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject with no appearance of observing the (proper) regulations, in which case we shall see him lamenting. But there will be no one to blame (but himself).

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject quietly and naturally (attentive to all) regulations. There will be progress and success.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject sweetly and acceptably enacting his regulations. There will be good fortune. The onward progress with them will afford ground for admiration.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject enacting regulations severe and difficult. Even with firmness and correctness there will be evil. But though there will be cause for repentance, it will (by and by) disappear.

61. Kung Fu

Chung Fu

☴

☱

Kung Fu (moves even) pigs and fish, and leads to good fortune. There will be advantage in crossing the great stream. There will be advantage in being firm and correct.

1. The first nine, undivided, shows its subject resting (in himself). There will be good fortune. If he sought to any other, he would not find rest.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject (like) the crane crying out in her hidden retirement, and her young ones responding to her. (It is as if it were said), ' I have a cup of good spirits,' (and the response were), 'I will partake of it with you.'

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject having met with his mate. Now he beats his drum, and now he leaves off. Now he weeps, and now he sings.

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject (like) the moon nearly full, and (like) a horse (in a chariot) whose fellow disappears. There will be no error.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject perfectly sincere, and linking (others) to him in closest union. There will be no error.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject in chanticleer (trying to) mount to heaven. Even with firm correctness there will be evil.

62. Hsiao Kwo

Hsiao Kuo

☳

☶

Hsiao Kwo indicates that (in the circumstances which it implies) there will be progress and attainment. But it will be advantageous to be firm and correct. (What the name denotes) may be done in small affairs, but not in great affairs. (It is like) the notes that come down from a bird on the wing;-to descend is better than to ascend. There will (in this way) be great good fortune.

1. The first six, divided, suggests (the idea of) a bird flying, (and ascending) till the issue is evil.

2. The second six, divided, shows its subject passing by his grandfather, and meeting with his grandmother; not attempting anything against his ruler, but meeting him as his minister. There will be no error.

3. The third nine, undivided, shows its subject taking no extraordinary precautions against danger; and some in consequence finding opportunity to assail and injure him. There will be evil.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject falling into no error, but meeting (the exigency of his situation), without exceeding (in his natural course). If he go forward, there will be peril, and he must be cautious. There is no occasion to be using firmness perpetually.

5. The fifth six, divided, (suggests the idea) of dense clouds, but no rain, coming from our borders in the west. It also (shows) the prince shooting his arrow, and taking the bird in a cave.

6. The sixth six, divided, shows its subject not meeting (the exigency of his situation), and exceeding (his proper course). (It suggests the idea of) a bird flying far aloft. There will be evil. The case is what is called one of calamity and self produced injury.

63. Ki Chi

Chi Chi

☵

☲

Ki Chi intimates progress and success in small matters. There will be advantage in being firm and correct. There has been good fortune in the beginning; there may be disorder in the end.

1. The first nine, undivided, (shows its subject as a driver) who drags back his wheel, (or as a fox) which has wet his tail. There will be no error.

2. The second six, divided, (shows its subject as) a wife who has lost her (carriage-)screen. There is no occasion to go in pursuit of it. In seven days she will find it.

3. The third nine, undivided, (suggests the case of) Kao Chung, who attacked the Demon region, but was three years in subduing it. Small men should not be employed (in such enterprises).

4. The fourth six, divided, shows its subject with rags provided against any leak (in his boat), and on his guard all day long.

5. The fifth nine, undivided, shows its subject (as) the neighbor in the east who slaughters an ox (for his sacrifice); but this is not equal to the (small) spring sacrifice of the neighbor in the west, whose sincerity receives the blessing.

6. The topmost six, divided, shows its subject with (even) his head immersed. The position is perilous.

64. Wei Chi

Wei Chi

☲

☵

Wei Chi intimates progress and success (in the circumstances which it implies). (We see) a young fox that has nearly crossed (the stream), when its tail gets immersed. There will be no advantage in any way.

1. The first six, divided, shows its subject (like a fox) whose tail gets immersed. There will be occasion for regret.

2. The second nine, undivided, shows its subject dragging back his (carriage-)wheel. With firmness and correctness there will be good fortune.

3. The third six, divided, shows its subject, with (the state of things) not yet remedied, advancing on; which will lead to evil. But there will be advantage in (trying to) cross the great stream.

4. The fourth nine, undivided, shows its subject by firm correctness obtaining good fortune, so that all occasion for repentance disappears. Let him stir himself up, as if he were invading the Demon region, where for three years rewards will come to him (and his troops) from the great kingdom.

5. The fifth six, divided, shows its subject by firm correctness obtaining good fortune, and having no occasion for repentance. (We see in him) the brightness of a superior man, and the possession of sincerity. There will be good fortune.

6. The topmost nine, undivided, shows its subject full of confidence and therefore feasting (quietly). There will be no error. (If he) cherish this confidence, till he (is like the fox who) gets his head immersed, it will fail of what is right.

~ೞ⬯ೞ~

James Legge, Scottish scholar (1815-97)

James Legge

A contributor to the pioneering "Sacred Books of the East" edition of Asian scriptures, he might have been a professor at a Scottish University, but he was made Professor of Chinese at Oxford.