Jerome Bruner
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| Jerome Bruner (1915 -). Picture used with permission. |
Jerome Bruner - Tableau
Jerome Bruner: the man and some of his outlooks or tenets as a learning help.
DEEPLY responsive and adhering to stability and development combined somehow, Jerome S. Bruner (b. 1915) took part in changing US psychology - accomplishing such a "miracle" - much in keeping with inner sights of mind-improvements.
IN SUCH as psychological experiments, seldom showing off his romantic or sensitive inner depths at full range, perhaps, he saw into clearer and clearer thinking, and may be called an individual with complex or even conflicting energies -
He could express himself through reasoning and possibly 'foreign lands' - by travels or otherwise - Appropriately, very emotive and perceptive he ventured along such a "path". ◊
Perhaps he was having a little bit of guilt for going against the Behaviorists at times, but he navigated on, steadfastly, and founded far and wide that a young one had better adhere to main interests, because many a young person may progress far better by it than by being merely controlled ('tamed') and then assisted. ◊
ON TOP of that he has enough potential to appropriate artistic outlets, or get a very good reputation as a sensible man, basically.
Intense and varied in his personal life, he is likely to harbour a very deep
commitment to individual freedom some way or other. It should be seen when it is at stake.
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Bruner's career and some of his main ideas
On top of what others write
Jerome Bruner (b. Oct. 1, 1915 in New York) is an American psychologist and culture-interested educator. His work on perception, learning, memory and other aspects of cognition in young ones has influenced the American educational system.
"I'm interested in the various institutional forms by which culture is passed on ... My preferred method of work in both instances is the anthropological-interpretive." - Jerome Bruner. [Link]
As Professor of psychology at Harvard (1952-72) and then as Watts Professor at Oxford (1972-80) and now at the New School for Social Research in New York City, he has been at the forefront of what is often called the Cognitive Revolution [taking off in the 1960s] - which today dominates psychology around the world.
Bruner helped start the educational reform movement in the States during the early 1960s
and served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson
administrations. His book, The Process of Education, from 1961, was and still is
one of the movement's jolly decent guides. Bruner has since been involved in many
educational enterprises, including the founding of the US Head Start. He was a
major architect of it. [Link]
Major ideas: According to Bruner, all children have natural curiosity. Further, learning is an active, social process in which students construct new ideas or concepts based on current knowledge. The student selects information, originates hypotheses, and makes decisions in the process of integrating experiences into their existing mental constructs.
As far as instruction is concerned, the instructor should try and encourage students to
discover principles by themselves. The instructor and student should engage in an active
dialogue.
[Link]
Bruner holds that a theory of instruction should address four major aspects. They are:
- Predisposition towards learning;
- The ways in which a body of knowledge can be structured so that it can be most readily grasped by the learner;
- The most effective sequences in which to present material;
- The nature and pacing of rewards and punishments.
Three Principles
- Instruction must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that make the student willing and able to learn (readiness).
- Instruction must be structured so that it can be easily grasped by the student (spiral organization).
- Instruction should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and or fill in the gaps (going beyond the information given).
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Literature
Acom: Bruner, Jerome: Acts of Meaning (the Jerusalem-Harvard lectures). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990.
Bign: Bruner, Jerome: Beyond the Information Given: Studies in the Psychology of Knowing. Selected, edited, and introduced by Jeremey Anglin. London: Allen and Unwin, 1974.
Coe: Bruner, Jerome: The Culture of Education. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996
Proe: Bruner, Jerome: The Process of Education. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966. [Norwegian: Om å lære. Oslo: Dreyer, 1970.]
Roe: Bruner, Jerome: The Relevance of Education. Edited by Anita Gil. London: Allen and Unwin, 1972.
Tato: Bruner, Jerome: Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.
External Links
Bruner, Jerome S. & Goodman, Cecile C.
(1947). "Value and need as organizing factors in perception." Journal of Abnormal and
Social Psychology, 42, 33-44.
[Study where poor children over-estimate the sizes of coins.]
Bruner, Jerome S. & Postman, Leo. (1949).
"On the perception of incongruity: A paradigm." Journal of Personality, 18,
206-223.
[Study where black hearts on playing cards were seen as red.]
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